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These chemicals have also been linked to thyroid
hormone disruption and liver toxicity in animals. One
type of phthalate found in a large variety of polyvinyl
chloride (PVC) products, called DEHP, has been linked
to premature birth, reproductive defects and early onset
puberty in lab animals.
The study found that concentrations of PBDEs in dust
and windshield film samples were up to five times higher
than those found in homes and offices in previous studies.
Since the average American spends more than 1.5 hours
in their car every day breathing in these chemicals,
the inside of a car is a significant source of indoor
air pollution. According to the EPA, indoor air pollution
is currently one of the top five environmental risks
to public health.
"Most people think about cars causing outdoor air
pollution, such as smog," said Gearhart. "Now
we know that breathing the air and dust inside of cars
may be even more dangerous."
In lieu of legislative action at the federal level,
at least 9 U.S. states (California, Hawaii, Illinois,
Maine, Maryland, Michigan, New York, Oregon and Washington)
have passed laws banning the two worst forms of PBDEs,
namely penta and octa. Additional legislation is being
considered in at least 6 other states, as well as revisions
of existing legislation to extend PBDE phase-outs to
all uses of deca form, including automotive.
The new report makes the following recommendations:
For Manufacturers: Manufacturers should reduce
the health risk to vehicle occupants by phasing out
PBDEs and phthalates in auto interior parts, setting
specific timelines for its material and component suppliers.
As an interim step, North American automakers should
voluntarily comply with recent Japanese and European
initiatives that limit air pollutant levels in auto
interiors.
For Government: Congress and individual states
should encourage rapid action to phase-out the use of
PBDEs and phthalates by requiring phase-out timelines
and providing research and technical assistance to vehicle
manufacturers for assessment and development of alternatives.
Government purchasers should further require disclosure
on the use of these substances in their purchasing specifications.
Voluntary efforts should also be given public recognition.
For Vehicle Occupants: Fortunately, car owners
can take some direct actions to minimize health risks
from PBDEs and phthalates in car interiors. Some of
these actions will also reduce the risks associated
with other interior car pollutants. Drivers can reduce
the rate of release and break-down of these chemicals
by using solar reflectors, ventilating car interiors,
and parking outside of sunlight whenever possible.
(Source:
The
Ecology Center) (...BACK)
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